Lubricating means for engines



Jan. 7, 1930. F, M, KING 1,742,959

LUBRICATING MEANS FOR ENGINES Filed May 20. 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet- 1 snow W01;

FraK M.K-mg

Jan. 7, 1930. F. M. KING LUBRIGATING MEAKS FOR ENGINES Filed May 20. 1925 2 Sheets-Shut 2 Patented Jan. 7, 1930 UNITED STATES FRANK M. KING, or BLUE-FIELD, wns'r VIRGINIA,

LUBRIGATING MEANS FOR ENGINES Application filed May 20, 1925. Serial No. 31,646.

This invention relates to improvements in lubricating systems for internal combustion engines.

The primary object of this invention is the provision of an improved type of lubricating system which is particularly well adapted for use in connection with the lubrication of double acting types of internal combustion engines.

A further object of this invention is the provision of an improved lubricating system which is particularly well adapted for use in connection with that type of double acting internal combustion engine set forth in my Patent #1,531,702, dated March 31, 1925.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent during the course of the following detailed description.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and wherein similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views,

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view taken through a double acting type of internal combustion engine, showing the details of the improved lubricating apparatus and system applied thereto.

Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially on the line 22 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view showing cooperating details of the piston and cross head'construction of the internal combustion engine.

Figure 4 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line i -4 of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is an enlarged View, partly in section, taken substantially on the line 55 of Figure 1. I

Figure 6 is an enlarged sectional view takensubstantially on the line 66 of Figure 3.

. In the drawings, wherein for the purpose of illustration is shown only a preferred embodiment of this invention, the letter A may generally designate the internal combustion engine, which comprises the housing construction B; within which'pistons C are slidably mounted in operating connection with cross heads D and the crank shaft E. These details are cooperatively provided with struc- H A ture to function in connection with lubricatmg apparatus F. 1

As to the housing B, the same is of the preferred construction set forth in my patent 5 above referred to, and comprises the cylinder casing 10; upper and lower cylinder heads 11 and 12 respectively; cross head casing 13; and crank case 14:. The cylinder casing 10 preferably is provided with any approved number of cylinder compartments l6, and the piston 17 of each piston construction 0 is slidable therein. As before mentioned the engine is preferably of the double acting type, and to this end intake and exhaust ports 19 and 20 are preferably provided at the upper end of the casing 10, for thatportion of the cylinder compartment above the piston 17,

and the cylinder top 11 may carry a spark plug 21, as in approved formation. The bottom cylinder head 12 may be provided with intake and exhaust ports 23 and 24 respectively, for the portion of the cylinder compartment 16 below the piston member 17, and preferably for this bottom compartment a spark plug 25 is carried by the casing 10.

Any approved valve means for the intake and exhaust ports may be provided, as has been set forth in my patent above referred to, and it is not necessary to specifically describe the same.

Referring to the piston construction C, for 3 each cylinder, the same comprises the piston head 17 above mentioned, which is preferably of solid formation, although the same may be hollowed at appropriate places to lighten the same. The construction D furthermore includesthe piston rod or stem 28, which is fixedly connected at its upper end in a passageway 29 thru the piston body 17. The upper end of the rod-28 is tapered at 30, and preferably screwthreaded at 31, to receive a clamping nut 32 whereby to maintain the rod 28 in its assembled relation to the head 17, and as is well illustrated in Figure 3 of the drawings. The piston rod 28 slidably extends through a suitable passageway 35 in the bottom cylinder head '12, into a packing 36 carried thereby, and at its lower end the same is rigidly bolted to the body 40 of the cross head construction D. To eflect this connection the piston rod 28 at its lower end is preferably tapered at 41, and screw threaded at 42, by means of which a nut 43 may be employed in the pocket 44 below the top wall of the cross-headbody- 40 to effecti'tli'e' piston rod connection to the'said cross-head, as is" well illustrated in Figure 3 of the drawings;-

The cross head construction Dzfurthermore" includes'a connecting rod 46, which is pivotally connected by bearingv tranaibns-n'to the head 40, and said connecting rod at ts lower end is connectedon a throw portion f h r nk. haft Eye is l us ra e n the drawings, v Q

The o eration of't 'he' double jalcting'jinter nal combustion engine is well understood. The cross head moi'es in a rectilinear vertical path by meansof'guides 51, andfthe' pis ton head is .sli'dalile inthe compartment 16 explosions loccur below andiab'ove'the piston head 17 'cooperatingito render the operation of the engine double action, in accordance with well known rinciples Referring to t elubficating details and the system of lubrication, it is preferred to provide an oil'pump G,.c'arr'ied in the crank case, compartment 55', and including-a cylindricalcasingi 56, within which a" piston 57 slidably operates: in vertical manner; the piston 57 havingeccentricconnection at: 58

with the crank slia fli- E, as is well illiis 7 an, oil sump-60, the pipe 59 at its lower end trated in, Figures 1 and 5 of. the drawin'g;

- The compartment-591M116 casing 56 has a lower connection by an-L-shaped pipe 59, ,in

preferably employin a screen 61, to prevent entrance of sediment into the pumpcompartm'ent58i Theoil pump has-an outlet connection 62, which may lead vertically upward at 63, for connection to a horizontally 'a'rranged mani fiold '64, disposedj 11st to one side of the operating path of the crankshaft The oil system contemplates the=-provision of laterals for each of the piston and cross 'head'constructions of the cylinders of' the internalcombustionengine A, and to this end, for} each" piston and cross head construction ofthe engine, th'e conduct in -mani fold 64is providediwith; a substantial y -vevtical-ly ar= ranged stationary conduit or lateral 65 WliiCh telescopically: receives therein at it's upper end a sl'idable conduifi 66, which a't its upper end iisib'ent laterally, preferablyzat right angles, as at -'67, and is detaohably-I-connected M68, in theupperipmion ofltlie orosshead; sod/hat the. passageway 7 0'foi thae' conduit: 66

eommunicateswdiirectly into an oil duet 171 zh'ori'zo'nitslly 'eixtendingialong-thea cross head 40. toward thae piston rodQsi Thisduct71 at .its

caition with-.- a lateral; duct 72rformedina the pistmrod 283; the; duct r72sleading into a vei ficallyrarranged langitndinal voilsp'wasalgsewinauyi 73 thru the rod 28. Suitable plugs 75 and 76 may be provided in the. outermost'ends of the passageways 71 and 7 3 to seal the same, and so that the oil will be directed along the passageway 71 of the cross head thence into the duct 72, and into the passageway 7 3,'and be forcedupwardly thereof and into the radially extending duct or pasasgeway 78" Which is formed-in the piston head 17, substantially as is illust-ratedin 4 of the drawings.

The piston head 17 is preferably provided witll'ardove-tailed shaped groove 79, adapted to receive a flexible packing 80therein, with a dove-'t'ailedjoint, substantially as is illustrated in Figure 3 of the drawings. At the.

bottom periphery ofthe groove 79, an annu- ,1

lar roox' ediec'ess 81' is provided; which the packing'80 does .not enter, and the radially ex -tending duct 78 outlets'at its outer end into this groove 81, so that theoil passesfrom the d'uct'7-8 into the groove '81 and thence around the body of'the piston 17, in the direction'illustrated by the" arrows in Figure l of the V way 7 3 first mentioned. This passageway 86 1 opens at its-lower endon thebott-om-surface 88 of the 28, just above'the be'aringtrunnion's' 47, sothat the freturni-ng lubricant from the duct or Way 86 will drop' onto' the'bearing trunnions 47 lubricating the same; The

lub'ricantmay thus return to the crank case.

In order to direct the ;oil flow in the piston head-17* inthe manfner above described, a par tition' wall! 90 oi any approved materialais preferably'located'in the body 17,1radially ex tending across the annulan groove 81, be-

must of necessity pass in-the direction above describedv. Thiswalls90 or baffle; also niay have-connection in the' materialofthe pazshing, to render the seal more effective; 8 Itiszofcconrsezunderstood that' during the operation-of' internal combustionaengine the pump will'direct the oil from the sumip60 into the manifold 64, Vfromiwhence it? williibe distributed into the lateral pipesfifiiz T The reciprocating conduits-'66zte1escbpein the: conduitz6'5 during; sliding zopemtion of'the cross headsAOg; aviidiaiS will-beaobvious-fromethe drawings. cycle: l of JI ubricating opora= tion is: asiabove: described, and :itwillkbewa? 7 parent thatthis v lubrication-apparatus iswi-ne tended for each piston and cross head arrangement of each cylinder of the internal combustion engine.

Various changes in the shape, size, and arrangement of parts may be made to the form of invention herein shown and described, without departing from the spirit of the same or the scope of the claims.

I claim:

1. In lubricating means for internal combustion engines the combination with an engine casing including a cylinder chamber, a piston slidable in the cylinder chamber having a'circumferential groove inwardly there of and a reduced groove at the rear surface of said circumferential groove, an absorbent packing in said first mentioned groove in non-obstructing relation with the last mentioned groove extending to the outer periphcry of the piston, and means for circulating oil into and about the last mentioned groove in one direction for lubricating said packing.

2. As an article of manufacture a piston construction comprising a body having a circumferential groove, an absorbent packing in said circumferential groove, said piston body inwardly of said packing having a second circumferential groove, said body having inlet and outlet ducts communicating with said second mentioned groove in adjacent re lation, and a bafile across said second mentioned groove between the inlet and outlet ducts.

3. In a lubricating system for internal combustion engines the combination with an engine casing including a cylinder chamber, a crank case, a piston member in the cylinder chamber, a piston rod for the piston member, a crank shaft, meansconnecting the piston rod with the crank shaft, said piston member having a circumferential groove at the periphery thereof, a packing in said circumferential groove adapted to transmit oil therethrough, said piston member having a second groove inwardly thereof at the inner periphery of said packing, said piston member and piston rod having inlet and outlet passageways leading into and from said second mentioned groove of the piston member, baffle means across the second mentioned groove of the piston member between said inlet and outlet passageways, and means for pumping oil from the crank case into the inlet passageway of the piston rod.

4. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a housing structure including a cylinder chamber and a crank case, a piston member slidable in the cylinder chamber, a cross head .slidable in said housing, a crank shaft in the crank case, a piston rod connecting the cross head with said piston member, a connecting rod connecting the cross head with said crank shaft, oil pump means in the crank case, said piston member having a circumferential oil groove inwardly of the periphery thereof, said piston member and piston rod having inlet and outlet oil ducts communicating with said oil groove, said cross head having an inlet oil duct communicating with the inlet oil duct of said piston rod, and telescopic conduit means connected between said pump and cross head for conveying oil from the pump into the inlet duct of said piston rod.

5. In a lubricating system for internal combustion engines the combination with an engine casing including a cylinder chamber, a piston member slidable in the cylinder chamber, a piston rod for the piston member, a crank shaft, means to connect the piston rod with the crank shaft, said piston member having a circumferential groove at the periphery thereof, a baffle in said groove, said piston member having an internal lubricant receiving passageway therein communicating into the circumferential groove at one side of the baffle and a second internal oil receivingpassageway communicating with said groove at the opposite side ofsaid bafile, and means for forcing oil into one of said passageways around the circumferential groove and returning thru the other passageway.

6. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a housing having a cylinder chamber therein and a crank case having a compartment therein, a piston slidable in the cylinder chamber, a piston rod, packing means slidably guiding the piston rod for rectilinear movement in the housing, a cross head slidable in the housing connected with the end of the piston rod opposite the piston, a crank shaft in the crank case, a connecting rod connecting the crank shaft with the cross head for operation of the latter and for operation of the piston, said cross head, piston rod and piston having ducts communicating therethrough and having an exit on the outer periphery of the piston, saidpiston and piston rod having communicating ducts leading from the external surface of the piston to the crank case compartmentbelow the cross head,an oil pump in the crank case, means connecting the same for operation by the crank shaft, and extensible conduit means connecting the oil pump with the first mentioned oil duct in the cross head for pumping of oil upwardly thru the first mentioned duct to the external surface of the piston and for return thru the last mentioned ducts to the crank case.

7. In a device of the class described, a

cylindrical piston having a circumferential piston leading respectively from said last named conduit to the groove, and from another part of said groove to the other conduit,

whereby lubricant may be circulated through said'groove'.

8'; In device of the class described a-piston,- a rod connected'there'with having apair of conduits extendingthe'rettlong, the piston having; agroove i-nthe outerperiphery thereof, the piston having'conduits connecting the rod'sconduits with the groove, and means for circulating oil throu gl-rone? of the rod conduits into-one-o'f the piston conduits, along the groove forlubricating the outer periphery of the piston, intothe seconck piston conduit and for return into the second rod conduit.

9. adevice of the class described "a pis-' ton having sen-oil groove opening at and extending: around the outer periphery ofthe same, thepiston having an inlet conduitopenin; into: the groove an outlet conduit also openingainto thegroove, and baflie means disposed in the V groove between said conduits to direct a circulating flow-of oilfrom the inlet conduit longitudinally" about said groove and thence f rom the groove by Way of the outlet conduite I p 7 v V p FRANK- M. KING? 

